An automated plane avoids collision using radar, satellite data, and onboard decision algorithms to maintain safe separation. Modern systems coordinate with air traffic control and nearby aircraft to respond faster than human pilots in complex traffic.
These technologies reduce human error, improve routing efficiency, and enable higher traffic density in busy airspace while meeting strict safety regulations.
| System | Primary Sensors | Decision Authority | Response Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| TCAS II | Transponder signals | Pilot advisory, crew execute | 2–5 seconds for alert |
| ACAS X | Transponder, inertial data | Pilot advisory with trajectory intent | 1–3 seconds for enhanced warnings |
| Airborne Collision Avoidance (ACAS) | Mode S transponder, GPS | Pilot-led, coordinated with ATC | Sub-second tracking updates |
| Air Traffic Control Ground Systems | Radar, flight plans, ADS-B | Controller intervention, clearance updates | Manual but optimized routing |
| Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) | GNSS position, velocity | Pilot situational awareness | Real-time broadcast every second |