"Pitbull" is often used as a short-hand for several strongly built, loyal dog types that share a similar ancestry of terrier and bull-baiting breeds. This guide explains the main breeds commonly called pitbulls: the American Pit Bull Terrier, the American Staffordshire Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and the American Bully, while noting the differences in appearance, temperament, and regulation. We rely on breed standards from kennel clubs, peer-reviewed canine behavior research, and community data to clarify common misconceptions, outline sensible ownership practices, and help readers distinguish each type with clear, up-to-date facts.
What Counts as a Pitbull: Background and Common Types
In everyday conversation, the word pitbull can refer to a specific breed or to a group of dogs with similar looks and heritage. In formal breed registries and kennel clubs, several distinct breeds fit under the broad pitbull-type umbrella. The most widely recognized types include the American Pit Bull Terrier, the American Staffordshire Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and the American Bully. Each breed has its own breed standard, yet they share roots in historical bull- and terrier-fighting lines that were later shaped by responsible breeders toward companionship and performance roles. Understanding these distinctions helps set realistic expectations for care, training, and legal considerations.
American Pit Bull Terrier: Traits and Recognition
Size, build, and temperament
The American Pit Bull Terrier is one of the most commonly referenced types when people ask what are the types of pitbulls. Adult males typically weigh 35 to 60 pounds, while females often range from 30 to 50 pounds, though individual variation is common. The coat is short and close-lying, and accepted colors include black, blue, brown, fawn, and brindle, as well as many patterned markings. In terms of temperament, well-bred and well-socialized APBTs are commonly described as confident, affectionate, and eager to please. They usually score well in family-oriented evaluations, but responsible breeders emphasize stable nerves, early socialization, and consistent management to support balanced behavior.
Recognition and registries
The American Pit Bull Terrier is recognized by the United Kennel Club (UKC) and is accepted by the American Dog Breeders Association (ADBA), but it is not recognized as a pure breed by the American Kennel Club (AKC). Instead, the AKC registers these dogs as American Staffordshire Terriers when they meet that breed standard. This distinction can affect registration, showing options, and how breeders track lineage. Owners should research local laws, as some jurisdictions regulate or restrict certain pitbull-type dogs regardless of specific breed labels, so reliable documentation and compliance with local ordinances are important parts of responsible ownership.
| Attribute | Verified Detail | Source Type |
|---|---|---|
| Typical weight range | 35–60 lb (16–27 kg) | Breed standard references |
| Coat type | Short, close-lying | Official breed standard |
| Primary registries | UKC, ADBA | Club registry listings |
| AKC status | Not separately recognized; falls under American Staffordshire Terrier | AKC breed listing |
| Common temperament notes | Confident, loyal, people-oriented when well bred and socialized | Behavior studies, breed clubs |
American Staffordshire Terrier: AKC Recognition and Standards
Physical attributes and health priorities
The American Staffordshire Terrier is a related type that is recognized by the AKC. Males typically stand about 17 to 19 inches at the shoulder and weigh around 55 to 70 pounds, while females are slightly smaller. The build is muscular and agile, with a broad head, defined cheek muscles, and a deep chest. Coat colors vary and include solid and patched combinations of black, blue, fawn, red, and white. Health screening for hip dysplasia, thyroid issues, and cardiac conditions is commonly recommended by breed clubs and veterinarians. Because of shared ancestry, many of the same training, socialization, and management practices recommended for other pitbull-type dogs also apply to the AmStaff.
Comparison with the American Pit Bull Terrier
Although the American Staffordshire Terrier and the American Pit Bull Terrier share roots and look similar, breed standards and registries treat them as separate lines. The AmStaff often conforms to slightly different conformation ideals in the show ring, and some genetic lines are tracked distinctly. From a day-to-day perspective, individual personality and upbringing matter more than registry labels for most owners, but understanding registry differences is useful for breeders, exhibitors, and anyone reading pedigrees. Both types benefit from structured socialization, positive reinforcement training, and consistent leadership.
Staffordshire Bull Terrier: The Smaller Companion Type
Compact build and family-friendly reputation
The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is smaller than the American types, with males usually weighing 28 to 38 pounds and females around 24 to 34 pounds. The height at the withers is generally 14 to 16 inches for males and 13 to 15 inches for females. Known for a large head relative to body size, a short coat, and a wide chest, this breed is often described as affectionate and reliable with family, including children, when properly raised. The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is one of the most frequently encountered types in shelters and rescue groups, which underscores the importance of adoption screening and responsible breeding. Early exposure to people, other dogs, and everyday environments supports a confident, stable temperament.
Considerations for households
Because of their strength and energy, Staffordshire Bull Terriers do best in homes that can provide consistent exercise, mental stimulation, and clear rules. They generally enjoy human companionship and can be prone to separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. Potential owners should consider puppy classes, ongoing training, and close supervision around smaller pets. Breed-specific legislation does not typically target this breed in many regions, but local rules can vary, so checking municipal ordinances is advisable before adoption.
American Bully: A Modern Companion Type
Breed overview and size ranges
The American Bully is a more recent type bred for a compact, muscular companion with a distinctive look. It is not intended to replicate the working terrier profile of the older pitbull-type breeds. Height and weight vary by size class, such as Pocket, Standard, and XL, with typical adult weights often ranging from 70 to 120 pounds or more. The head is usually broad, the chest deep, and the coat short and glossy. Despite the imposing appearance, many American Bullies are known for being calm in the home, responsive to training, and eager to please their families.
Recognition and considerations
The American Bully is recognized by a number of dog registries focused on companion and performance breeds, though it is not recognized by the AKC or UKC as a traditional working breed. Because the American Bully is a newer type, long-term health and temperament data are still evolving, so responsible breeders perform health screening and avoid extreme exaggeration of features. Potential owners should ask about lineage, health testing, and the breeder’s philosophy to ensure the dog matches their lifestyle and expectations.
Key Differences at a Glance
While all these types share a common functional history, they differ in size, build, and typical use. Below is a quick comparison of the main registered types you will encounter under the broad pitbull umbrella.
| Breed | Typical Weight | Height at Shoulder | Primary Registry | Common Role Today |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Pit Bull Terrier | 35–60 lb | 17–21 in | UKC, ADBA | Family companion, sport and performance |
| American Staffordshire Terrier | 55–70 lb | 17–19 in | AKC | Show/conformation, family dog |
| Staffordshire Bull Terrier | 28–38 lb | 14–16 in | AKC (as AmStaff) | Compact family companion |
| American Bully | 70–120+ lb | 14–23 in (varies by type) | ABBR, PBF, etc. | Companion dog with extreme conformation |
Temperament, Training, and Responsible Ownership
Setting realistic expectations
Across types, pitbull-type dogs are commonly intelligent, loyal, and highly social. They often excel in activities that engage their mind and body, such as obedience, rally, agility, and scent work. Early, positive socialization with people, dogs, and varied environments is one of the strongest predictors of a well-adjusted adult dog. Consistent, reward-based training and clear household rules help prevent problem behaviors, and ongoing enrichment supports mental health. No type is uniformly aggressive or dangerous; behavioral outcomes depend heavily on genetics, upbringing, health, and management.
Legal and community considerations
Because some regions have breed-specific legislation or restrictions on certain pitbull-type dogs, owners should verify local ordinances before adoption or purchase. Insurance policies and rental agreements may also treat these breeds differently, so it is wise to review relevant agreements and maintain good documentation, including proof of temperament testing, vaccination records, and registration when available. Engaging with local breed clubs, trainers, and veterinarians can provide ongoing support and keep owners informed about best practices.
Summary and Key Takeaways
When asking what are the types of pitbulls, the most common breeds are the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and American Bully. Each offers distinct traits in size, build, and style while sharing a heritage that benefits from informed, responsible ownership. Reliable breeders, early socialization, consistent training, and adherence to local laws help ensure that these dogs thrive as safe, valued companions. This overview provides a steady, fact-based foundation for current and prospective owners, breeders, and anyone interested in pitbull-type dogs.