Cardiology

The heart is a dual-sided pump composed of four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The atria and ventricles function as coordinated un...

The mitral valve is the inlet valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It ensures blood flows in one direction during each heartbeat, opening to let blood enter the...

Nitrates are frequently used in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to relieve ischemic chest pain and reduce preload. However, their benefit depends on appropriate patie...

Irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, arises from abnormal electrical activity in the heart and can include palpitations, skipped beats, or a racing sensation. People often ask wh...

LDL particle number, often reported as LDL-P, reflects the concentration of low-density lipoprotein particles in your blood. It is distinct from LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), which m...

The body’s natural pacemaker is the sinoatrial (SA) node , a small cluster of specialized cells in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava. Oft...

Western Reserve Cardiology refers to the cardiology practice and clinical services available in the Western Reserve region of Ohio, typically centered around Cleveland and its m...

Correct placement of ECG leads is essential for accurate rhythm assessment, ischemia detection, and confident clinical decision-making. This guide explains standard positions fo...

VLDL, or very low density lipoprotein, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver that carries triglycerides to tissues. Because VLDL contributes to the buildup of plaque in art...

Heart muscle fibers are specialized cells that enable the heart to contract rhythmically and pump blood without fatigue. Also called cardiomyocytes, these fibers are striated, b...