history

The 1763 Proclamation Act—often called simply the Proclamation of 1763—was a British imperial policy issued in October 1763 to organize North American territories after the...

The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863) was fundamentally fought over two intertwined issues: the survival of the United States as one nation and the fate of slavery in Amer...

Alcatraz Island operated as a federal penitentiary for 29 years. The United States Army first used the island for detention in the Civil War era, but it was the Federal Bureau o...

The Borgia family, often summarized by rumor and spectacle, was a Spanish-descended dynasty that rose to extraordinary influence in the Renaissance Roman Curia. Across the fifte...

Ancient Britain refers to the islands now called Great Britain and Ireland from the earliest human arrivals to the start of the Roman province of Britannia and the subsequent em...

A serf was a peasant bound to the land and subject to the authority of a lord in medieval and early modern Europe. Serfs were unfree laborers who worked the manor in exchange fo...

Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded within the Spanish mission system of Alta California under the leadership of Father President Junípero Serra, a Franciscan friar who es...

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s impact is clearest in the transatlantic conversation about slavery and in the concrete legislative and cultural shifts that followed the Civil War. Her...

The Cold War was a period of intense geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, lasting from the mid‑1940s to the early 1...

Shays’ Rebellion (1786–1787) was an armed uprising in western Massachusetts led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays and other farmers and militia officers. It erupted...